Pain References

The following is a list of medical references based on a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

1. Baker AT, Barlow PS, Porter J, Smith ME, Clifton S, Andrews L, O'Dowd WJ, 1985. A double-blind clinical trial of low power pulsed short-wave therapy in the treatment of soft tissue injury. Physiotherapy 71:500-504
2. Binder A, Parr G, Hazleman B, Fitton-Jackson S, 1984. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy of persistent rotator cuff tendonitis: a double-blind controlled assessment. Lancet 1:695-698
3. Leclaire R, Bourgouin J, Electromagnetic treatment of shoulder periarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of the efficiency and tolerance of magnet therapy. Archer Physical Medicine Rehabilitation. 72:284-287
4. Masami A, Kunihiko H, 2002. Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Musculoskeletal Systems: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tokyo: Bioelectromagnetics 23:132-143
5. McQuain MT, Sinaki M, Shibley LD, Wahner HW, Ilstrup DM, 1993. Effects of electrical stimulation on lumbar paraspinal muscles. Spine 18: 1787-1792
6. Moffett JAK, Richardson PH, Frost H, Osborn A 1996. A placebo controlled double blind trial to evaluate the effectiveness of short wave therapy for osteoarthritis hip and knee pain. Pain. 67:121-127
7. Pilla AA. 1999. State of the art in electromagnetic therapeutics: soft tissue applications. In: Bersani F, editor. Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. P 871-874
8. Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Dyer RH Jr, Fielding LP, Miner WK, Markoll R. 1993. A double blind trial of the clinical effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in osteoarthritis. Journal Rtheumatol 20: 456-460
9. Zizic TM, Hoffman KC, Holt PA, Hungerford DS, O'Dell JR, Jacobs MA, Lewis CG, Deal CL, Caldwell JR, Cholewczynski JG, Free SM. 1995. The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with pulsed electrical stimulation. Journal Rheumatol 22: 1757-1761